Key Insights
The South American surface treatment chemicals market, valued at approximately $500 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 3.5% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, the automotive and transportation sectors in Brazil and Argentina, the largest economies in South America, are experiencing significant growth, increasing demand for high-quality surface treatments to enhance durability and aesthetics of vehicles and infrastructure. Secondly, the expanding electronics manufacturing industry in the region is driving demand for specialized surface treatment chemicals for printed circuit boards and other electronic components. Furthermore, increased construction activity across the region necessitates effective corrosion protection, underpinning the growth of the market. The rising adoption of environmentally friendly, eco-efficient surface treatment technologies is also a noteworthy trend. However, economic fluctuations in certain South American nations and potential regulatory changes related to chemical usage present potential restraints to market growth. The market is segmented by chemical type (plating chemicals, cleaners, conversion coatings, others), base material (metals, plastics, others), and end-user industry (automotive, construction, electronics, industrial machinery, others). Brazil and Argentina represent the largest national markets, while other South American countries contribute to overall market growth, albeit at a slightly slower pace. Major players in the market include international corporations like Solvay, BASF, and 3M, alongside regional players. Future market growth will be heavily influenced by infrastructure development projects, technological advancements in surface treatment processes, and the overall economic health of South American nations.
The market's segmentation offers promising opportunities for specialized players. The demand for environmentally conscious solutions is expected to propel the conversion coatings segment and other eco-friendly chemical types. The metals segment within base materials will likely dominate given its widespread use in automotive and construction applications. Within end-user industries, the automotive and transportation sector will continue to lead due to large-scale manufacturing and infrastructural development initiatives across the region. The competitive landscape features both multinational corporations leveraging their global expertise and regional players catering to local market needs, creating a dynamic and competitive market environment. Strategic partnerships and investments in research and development are crucial for companies to successfully navigate this expanding market.

South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This detailed report provides a comprehensive analysis of the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals market, offering invaluable insights for industry stakeholders, investors, and strategic decision-makers. Covering the period from 2019 to 2033, with a base year of 2025, this report meticulously examines market dynamics, growth drivers, challenges, and future opportunities. The market is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033).
South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Concentration & Innovation
This section analyzes the South America surface treatment chemicals market's competitive landscape, innovation trends, and regulatory influences. The market is moderately concentrated, with key players like Solvay, BASF, NOF Corporation, 3M, Atotech (MKS Instruments), Henkel Corporation, Element Solutions Inc, PPG Industries, Quaker Chemical Corporation, and Evonik holding significant market share. However, the presence of several smaller regional players adds to the competitive complexity.
Market share data for 2024 reveals that the top five players collectively hold approximately xx% of the market, highlighting a competitive yet fragmented market structure. Innovation is driven by the need for environmentally friendly, high-performance chemicals catering to evolving industry standards and consumer preferences. Regulatory frameworks, particularly concerning environmental compliance and worker safety, significantly influence product development and market entry strategies. Product substitution, mainly driven by the adoption of more sustainable and efficient alternatives, is an ongoing trend affecting market dynamics.
Recent M&A activities, like MKS Instruments' acquisition of Atotech in August 2022 and Element Solutions Inc.'s acquisition of Coventya Holding SAS in September 2021, demonstrate the strategic importance of market consolidation and expansion. These deals, valued at xx Million and xx Million respectively, underline the ongoing efforts of major players to increase their market share and product portfolios. End-user trends, such as increasing demand from the automotive and electronics sectors, are shaping the market’s growth trajectory.
South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Industry Trends & Insights
The South American surface treatment chemicals market is experiencing robust growth, primarily fueled by increasing industrialization across various sectors, particularly automotive, construction, and electronics. This expansion is further supported by rising investments in infrastructure development and the growing adoption of advanced surface treatment technologies. Technological advancements, such as the development of eco-friendly coatings and improved application techniques, are driving market penetration and enhancing product efficiency.
Consumer preferences for durable, aesthetically pleasing, and environmentally sustainable products are also influencing demand. Competitive dynamics are characterized by both intense competition among established players and the emergence of new entrants offering specialized products or solutions. Price competition, along with technological innovation, is a key factor shaping market dynamics. The market demonstrates a high level of regional variation, with certain countries experiencing faster growth than others, largely influenced by differences in industrial development and regulatory environments. The market penetration of eco-friendly surface treatment chemicals is steadily increasing, driven by both environmental regulations and consumer demand.

Dominant Markets & Segments in South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market
Leading Region: Brazil dominates the South American surface treatment chemicals market due to its large and diversified industrial base, including strong automotive and construction sectors.
Leading Country: Brazil's robust manufacturing sector, combined with supportive government policies, makes it the most significant national market.
Dominant Chemical Type: Plating chemicals hold the largest market share, driven by the prevalence of metal finishing in various industries.
Dominant Base Material: Metals continue to be the dominant base material, reflecting the widespread use of metal components in diverse applications.
Dominant End-user Industry: The automotive and transportation sector is the leading end-user, demanding large volumes of surface treatment chemicals for corrosion protection and aesthetic enhancement.
Key Drivers for Dominant Segments:
- Brazil: Robust industrial growth, favorable government policies, and a large automotive manufacturing base contribute to Brazil's dominance.
- Plating Chemicals: Wide application in various industries, including automotive, electronics, and machinery, drives demand.
- Metals: Extensive usage across various industries due to the inherent properties of metals, including strength and durability, drives demand.
- Automotive & Transportation: High demand for corrosion protection and aesthetic finishes for vehicles and related components.
South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Product Developments
Recent product developments focus on environmentally friendly formulations, improved performance characteristics (e.g., enhanced corrosion resistance, improved durability), and specialized coatings for specific applications. Technological trends emphasize water-based and solvent-free solutions to minimize environmental impact, and advancements in application techniques improve efficiency and reduce waste. This alignment with consumer and regulatory preferences contributes to significant market fit.
Report Scope & Segmentation Analysis
This report segments the South American surface treatment chemicals market across several key parameters:
Chemical Type: Plating chemicals, cleaners, conversion coatings, and other chemical types. Each segment's growth projections and competitive dynamics are analyzed individually, considering factors like technological advancements and regulatory changes. The market size for each segment is evaluated for the historical period (2019-2024) and projected for the forecast period (2025-2033).
Base Material: Metals, plastics, and other base materials. The report analyzes the market size and growth potential of each segment based on the unique properties and applications of the base materials. Competitive dynamics within each segment are also assessed.
End-user Industry: Automotive & Transportation, Construction, Electronics, Industrial Machinery, and Other End-user Industries. The report analyzes the specific demands and trends within each industry segment, considering factors like technological advancements and regulatory changes. The market size and growth potential of each segment are meticulously evaluated for the historical and forecast periods.
Key Drivers of South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Growth
Several factors drive the growth of the South American surface treatment chemicals market: Increasing industrialization across various sectors, especially automotive, construction, and electronics, is a major driver. Investments in infrastructure development create demand for corrosion-resistant materials and protective coatings. Growing consumer preference for durable and aesthetically appealing products further fuels market growth. Technological advancements, like the introduction of eco-friendly chemicals and enhanced application methods, contribute to market expansion. Supportive government policies and regulations promoting sustainable practices and industrial growth also play a crucial role.
Challenges in the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Sector
The South American surface treatment chemicals market faces challenges like economic volatility and fluctuating raw material prices, impacting production costs and profitability. Stringent environmental regulations and compliance requirements can hinder market expansion and necessitate costly adjustments to manufacturing processes. Competition from both domestic and international players creates pressure on pricing and necessitates continuous innovation. Supply chain disruptions can affect the availability of raw materials and finished products, impacting market stability.
Emerging Opportunities in South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market
Emerging opportunities include the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly surface treatment chemicals driven by environmental awareness and regulations. Advancements in nanotechnology and other technologies offer potential for developing new high-performance coatings with enhanced properties. The increasing adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques and automation in various industries opens opportunities for specialized chemical solutions. Expansion into new markets and untapped segments, particularly in developing regions, presents significant potential for growth.
Leading Players in the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Market
- Solvay
- BASF
- NOF Corporation
- 3M
- Atotech (MKS Instruments)
- Henkel Corporation
- Element Solutions Inc
- PPG Industries
- Quaker Chemical Corporation
- Evonik
Key Developments in South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Industry
- August 2022: MKS Instruments acquired Atotech, strengthening its position in advanced electronics markets, including South America.
- September 2021: Element Solutions Inc. acquired Coventya Holding SAS, expanding its reach into various end markets in South America.
Strategic Outlook for South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Market
The South America surface treatment chemicals market is poised for continued growth, driven by sustained industrial expansion, infrastructure development, and increasing consumer demand. Strategic opportunities lie in developing and commercializing innovative, sustainable, and high-performance products tailored to specific industry needs. Focusing on technological advancements, market consolidation, and expanding into niche markets will be crucial for success in this dynamic sector. The long-term growth prospects are positive, indicating a significant market potential for both established players and new entrants.
South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Segmentation
-
1. Chemical Type
- 1.1. Plating Chemicals
- 1.2. Cleaners
- 1.3. Conversion Coatings
- 1.4. Other Chemical Types
-
2. Base Material
- 2.1. Metals
- 2.2. Plastics
- 2.3. Other Base Materials
-
3. End-user Industry
- 3.1. Automotive & Transportation
- 3.2. Construction
- 3.3. Electronics
- 3.4. Industrial Machinery
- 3.5. Other End-user Industries
-
4. Geography
- 4.1. Brazil
- 4.2. Argentina
- 4.3. Rest of South America
South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Brazil
- 2. Argentina
- 3. Rest of South America

South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 3.50% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Demand from the Automotive and Transportation Sector; Increasing Adoption of Chemical Plating in Metal Industries
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Adverse Impact of Surface Treatment Chemicals on Environment; Other restraints
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Increasing Demand from the Automotive and Transportation Industry
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 5.1.1. Plating Chemicals
- 5.1.2. Cleaners
- 5.1.3. Conversion Coatings
- 5.1.4. Other Chemical Types
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Material
- 5.2.1. Metals
- 5.2.2. Plastics
- 5.2.3. Other Base Materials
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.3.1. Automotive & Transportation
- 5.3.2. Construction
- 5.3.3. Electronics
- 5.3.4. Industrial Machinery
- 5.3.5. Other End-user Industries
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.4.1. Brazil
- 5.4.2. Argentina
- 5.4.3. Rest of South America
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.5.1. Brazil
- 5.5.2. Argentina
- 5.5.3. Rest of South America
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 6. Brazil South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 6.1.1. Plating Chemicals
- 6.1.2. Cleaners
- 6.1.3. Conversion Coatings
- 6.1.4. Other Chemical Types
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Material
- 6.2.1. Metals
- 6.2.2. Plastics
- 6.2.3. Other Base Materials
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 6.3.1. Automotive & Transportation
- 6.3.2. Construction
- 6.3.3. Electronics
- 6.3.4. Industrial Machinery
- 6.3.5. Other End-user Industries
- 6.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.4.1. Brazil
- 6.4.2. Argentina
- 6.4.3. Rest of South America
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 7. Argentina South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 7.1.1. Plating Chemicals
- 7.1.2. Cleaners
- 7.1.3. Conversion Coatings
- 7.1.4. Other Chemical Types
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Material
- 7.2.1. Metals
- 7.2.2. Plastics
- 7.2.3. Other Base Materials
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 7.3.1. Automotive & Transportation
- 7.3.2. Construction
- 7.3.3. Electronics
- 7.3.4. Industrial Machinery
- 7.3.5. Other End-user Industries
- 7.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.4.1. Brazil
- 7.4.2. Argentina
- 7.4.3. Rest of South America
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 8. Rest of South America South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 8.1.1. Plating Chemicals
- 8.1.2. Cleaners
- 8.1.3. Conversion Coatings
- 8.1.4. Other Chemical Types
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Material
- 8.2.1. Metals
- 8.2.2. Plastics
- 8.2.3. Other Base Materials
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 8.3.1. Automotive & Transportation
- 8.3.2. Construction
- 8.3.3. Electronics
- 8.3.4. Industrial Machinery
- 8.3.5. Other End-user Industries
- 8.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 8.4.1. Brazil
- 8.4.2. Argentina
- 8.4.3. Rest of South America
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Chemical Type
- 9. Brazil South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Argentina South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Rest of South America South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Competitive Analysis
- 12.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 12.2. Company Profiles
- 12.2.1 Solvay*List Not Exhaustive
- 12.2.1.1. Overview
- 12.2.1.2. Products
- 12.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.2 BASF
- 12.2.2.1. Overview
- 12.2.2.2. Products
- 12.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.3 NOF Corporation
- 12.2.3.1. Overview
- 12.2.3.2. Products
- 12.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.4 3M
- 12.2.4.1. Overview
- 12.2.4.2. Products
- 12.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.5 Atotech (MKS Instruments)
- 12.2.5.1. Overview
- 12.2.5.2. Products
- 12.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.6 Henkel Corporation
- 12.2.6.1. Overview
- 12.2.6.2. Products
- 12.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.7 Element Solutions Inc
- 12.2.7.1. Overview
- 12.2.7.2. Products
- 12.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.8 PPG Industries
- 12.2.8.1. Overview
- 12.2.8.2. Products
- 12.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.9 Quaker Chemical Corporation
- 12.2.9.1. Overview
- 12.2.9.2. Products
- 12.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.10 Evonik
- 12.2.10.1. Overview
- 12.2.10.2. Products
- 12.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.1 Solvay*List Not Exhaustive
List of Figures
- Figure 1: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Chemical Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Material 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Brazil South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Argentina South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Rest of South America South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Chemical Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Material 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Chemical Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Material 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Chemical Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Material 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 3.50%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market?
Key companies in the market include Solvay*List Not Exhaustive, BASF, NOF Corporation, 3M, Atotech (MKS Instruments), Henkel Corporation, Element Solutions Inc, PPG Industries, Quaker Chemical Corporation, Evonik.
3. What are the main segments of the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market?
The market segments include Chemical Type, Base Material, End-user Industry, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Demand from the Automotive and Transportation Sector; Increasing Adoption of Chemical Plating in Metal Industries.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Increasing Demand from the Automotive and Transportation Industry.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Adverse Impact of Surface Treatment Chemicals on Environment; Other restraints.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In August 2022, MKS Instruments acquired Atotech, a global player producing surface treatment and process chemicals, equipment, software, and services for semiconductors, PCBs, and surface finishing. The acquisition will strengthen the position of MKS Instruments in the advanced electronic devices markets globally, including South America.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the South America Surface Treatment Chemicals Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence