Key Insights
The European nano sensors market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a significant value by 2033. Driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors like consumer electronics, automotive, and healthcare, the market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 63.28% indicates substantial expansion. This surge is fueled by the inherent advantages of nano sensors—enhanced sensitivity, miniaturization, and improved performance—leading to innovative applications in areas such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), wearable health monitors, and environmental monitoring. The market segmentation reveals a strong presence of optical, electrochemical, and electromechanical sensors, each catering to specific application needs. Within Europe, Germany, France, and the UK are key contributors, reflecting strong technological advancements and substantial R&D investments in these nations. However, challenges remain, including the high cost of nano sensor fabrication and integration, as well as regulatory hurdles related to safety and standardization. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook remains highly positive, underpinned by continuous technological advancements, increasing government support for nanotechnology research, and the growing adoption of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT).
The competitive landscape includes prominent players like Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, STMicroelectronics, and others. These companies are actively investing in research and development to improve sensor performance, broaden applications, and reduce production costs. Strategic partnerships and mergers & acquisitions are expected to further consolidate the market and drive innovation. The ongoing miniaturization of electronics and the increasing demand for sophisticated sensing solutions in various applications are projected to sustain the market's robust growth trajectory throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The European market's well-established technological infrastructure and focus on environmental sustainability contribute to a favorable ecosystem for nano sensor adoption and innovation. Further expansion is anticipated as emerging applications and advanced sensor technologies gain traction.

Europe Nano Sensors Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the Europe Nano Sensors Market, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders across the industry. With a focus on market trends, competitive dynamics, and future growth prospects, this report is an essential resource for informed decision-making. The study period covers 2019-2033, with 2025 as the base and estimated year. The forecast period spans 2025-2033, and the historical period encompasses 2019-2024.
Europe Nano Sensors Market Concentration & Innovation
The Europe Nano Sensors Market exhibits a moderately concentrated landscape, with key players like Honeywell International Inc, Lockheed Martin Corporation, STMicroelectronics, OMRON Corporation, Texas Instruments Incorporated, Agilent Technologies, Analog Devices Inc, Teledyne Technologies, and Samsung Electronics co Limited holding significant market share. Precise market share figures for each company are unavailable at this time (xx). However, the market is characterized by intense competition, fueled by ongoing innovation in sensor technologies and the increasing demand across diverse end-user industries.
Several factors drive innovation:
- Technological advancements: Miniaturization, improved sensitivity, and enhanced functionalities are key drivers.
- Regulatory frameworks: Stringent environmental regulations and safety standards influence product development.
- Product substitution: The emergence of novel nano-sensor technologies constantly challenges existing solutions.
- End-user trends: Growing demand from sectors like healthcare, automotive, and consumer electronics fuels innovation.
- M&A activities: Consolidation through mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has contributed to market concentration. While precise M&A deal values are not available (xx), the trend suggests a consolidation towards larger, more diversified players.
Europe Nano Sensors Market Industry Trends & Insights
The Europe Nano Sensors Market is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The market is projected to register a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is attributable to:
- Technological disruptions: The continuous advancement in nanotechnology, leading to smaller, more efficient, and cost-effective sensors, is a significant driver.
- Increased demand across multiple sectors: The rising adoption of nano-sensors in various applications, including healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and automotive safety systems, fuels market expansion.
- Consumer preferences: The growing preference for smart devices and connected systems is boosting the demand for nano-sensors.
- Competitive dynamics: Intense competition among leading players fosters innovation, resulting in improved product offerings and competitive pricing.
- Market penetration: The market penetration of nano-sensors in new and emerging applications continues to increase, contributing to overall market expansion.

Dominant Markets & Segments in Europe Nano Sensors Market
Within the Europe Nano Sensors Market, specific segments and regions demonstrate stronger growth than others. The detailed dominance analysis is pending (xx). However preliminary analysis suggests:
- Leading Region/Country: Germany is predicted to be a leading market due to its strong automotive and industrial sectors. (Further regional breakdowns require xx)
- Dominant Type Segment: The optical sensor segment is likely to hold a significant share due to its widespread applications in various fields, followed by electrochemical sensors. (Further segmental breakdowns require xx).
- Leading End-User Industry: The automotive sector is anticipated to be the leading end-user due to increasing demand for advanced driver-assistance systems and vehicle safety features. (Further segmental breakdowns require xx).
Key Drivers for Dominant Segments:
- Automotive: Stringent automotive safety regulations and the growing demand for advanced driver-assistance systems.
- Healthcare: The need for advanced diagnostics and personalized medicine.
- Industrial: Automation and process optimization requirements in manufacturing and industrial settings.
Europe Nano Sensors Market Product Developments
Recent product innovations focus on enhanced sensitivity, improved accuracy, miniaturization, and integration with other technologies. Companies are developing nano-sensors with advanced functionalities, including wireless connectivity, self-calibration, and longer lifespans. These developments improve the market fit, addressing the needs of diverse end-user industries, and providing competitive advantages. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is also emerging as a key trend.
Report Scope & Segmentation Analysis
This report provides a detailed segmentation of the Europe Nano Sensors Market based on type and end-user industry.
By Type:
- Optical Sensors: This segment is expected to witness significant growth due to its diverse applications and technological advancements. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Electrochemical Sensors: This segment is projected to grow steadily, driven by applications in environmental monitoring and healthcare. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Electromechanical Sensors: This segment is expected to exhibit moderate growth, driven by its applications in various industrial settings. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
By End-User Industry:
- Consumer Electronics: This segment is expected to grow significantly due to the increasing demand for smart devices and wearable technology. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Power Generation: This segment is expected to experience moderate growth driven by the need for efficient energy management and monitoring. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Automotive: This segment is anticipated to be the fastest-growing, driven by the rising adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Aerospace and Defense: This segment is expected to show steady growth due to the need for high-precision sensing in aerospace and defense applications. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Healthcare: This segment is expected to demonstrate strong growth driven by the increasing demand for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Industrial: This segment is projected to show healthy growth driven by the need for process optimization and automation in industrial settings. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
- Other End-User Industries: This segment encompasses various applications with varying growth potentials. Market size and competitive dynamics within this segment require further details. (xx).
Key Drivers of Europe Nano Sensors Market Growth
Several factors contribute to the growth of the Europe Nano Sensors Market:
- Technological advancements: Continuous innovation in nanotechnology leads to smaller, more sensitive, and cost-effective sensors.
- Government initiatives: Funding and support for research and development in nanotechnology drive market growth.
- Rising demand across diverse industries: The increasing adoption of nano-sensors across various sectors fuels market expansion.
Challenges in the Europe Nano Sensors Market Sector
Despite the positive growth outlook, the Europe Nano Sensors Market faces several challenges:
- High initial investment costs: The development and manufacturing of nano-sensors require significant upfront investment.
- Supply chain complexities: Ensuring a stable and reliable supply chain for raw materials and components is crucial.
- Regulatory hurdles: Stringent regulatory requirements and standards can pose challenges to market entry and product development.
- Competitive pressure: The intense competition among leading players can impact profitability.
Emerging Opportunities in Europe Nano Sensors Market
Several emerging opportunities exist within the Europe Nano Sensors Market:
- New applications: The exploration of nano-sensors in emerging areas, such as environmental monitoring and precision agriculture, presents significant growth potential.
- Technological advancements: The integration of AI and ML with nano-sensors can improve their capabilities and applications.
- Growing demand for miniaturized sensors: The demand for smaller, more portable, and less power-consuming sensors is increasing.
Leading Players in the Europe Nano Sensors Market Market
- Honeywell International Inc
- Lockheed Martin Corporation
- STMicroelectronics
- OMRON Corporation
- Texas Instruments Incorporated
- Agilent Technologies
- Analog Devices Inc
- Teledyne Technologies
- Samsung Electronics co Limited
Key Developments in Europe Nano Sensors Market Industry
- September 2021: The EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) awarded GBP 853,000 to a University to create the Multiscale Metrology Suite (MMS) for Next-Generation Health Nanotechnologies. This funding highlights the ongoing investment in research and development within the nano-sensor field and its potential to transform healthcare.
Strategic Outlook for Europe Nano Sensors Market Market
The Europe Nano Sensors Market is poised for significant growth in the coming years. Continued technological advancements, increasing demand across diverse end-user industries, and supportive government initiatives will drive market expansion. Companies that focus on innovation, product differentiation, and strategic partnerships will be best positioned to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The integration of AI and the development of advanced sensor functionalities will shape future market dynamics.
Europe Nano Sensors Market Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Optical Sensor
- 1.2. Electrochemical Sensor
- 1.3. Electromechanical Sensor
-
2. End-User Industry
- 2.1. Consumer Electronics
- 2.2. Power Generation
- 2.3. Automotive
- 2.4. Aerospace and Defense
- 2.5. Healthcare
- 2.6. Industrial
- 2.7. Other End-User Industries
Europe Nano Sensors Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Europe
- 1.1. United Kingdom
- 1.2. Germany
- 1.3. France
- 1.4. Italy
- 1.5. Spain
- 1.6. Netherlands
- 1.7. Belgium
- 1.8. Sweden
- 1.9. Norway
- 1.10. Poland
- 1.11. Denmark

Europe Nano Sensors Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 63.28% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing adoption of technology in healthcare industry; Increasing research and development in innovative materials
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Complexity in Manufacturing Nanosensors
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Electrochemical biological nano sensors and photometric biological nano sensors find significant demand
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Optical Sensor
- 5.1.2. Electrochemical Sensor
- 5.1.3. Electromechanical Sensor
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-User Industry
- 5.2.1. Consumer Electronics
- 5.2.2. Power Generation
- 5.2.3. Automotive
- 5.2.4. Aerospace and Defense
- 5.2.5. Healthcare
- 5.2.6. Industrial
- 5.2.7. Other End-User Industries
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Europe
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. Germany Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. France Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Italy Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. United Kingdom Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Netherlands Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Sweden Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of Europe Europe Nano Sensors Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 Lockheed Martin Corporation
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 STMicroelectronics
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 OMRON Corporation
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 Texas Instruments Incorporated
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 Agilent Technologies
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 Analog Devices Inc
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 Teledyne Technologies
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 Samsung Electronics co Limited
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Europe Nano Sensors Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Germany Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Germany Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: France Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: France Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Italy Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Italy Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: United Kingdom Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: United Kingdom Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Netherlands Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Netherlands Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Sweden Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Sweden Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Rest of Europe Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Rest of Europe Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume cubic micrometers Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: United Kingdom Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: United Kingdom Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Germany Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Germany Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: France Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: France Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Italy Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Italy Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Spain Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Spain Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Netherlands Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Netherlands Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Belgium Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Belgium Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Sweden Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Sweden Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Norway Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: Norway Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: Poland Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: Poland Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Denmark Europe Nano Sensors Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Denmark Europe Nano Sensors Market Volume (cubic micrometers) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Europe Nano Sensors Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 63.28%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Europe Nano Sensors Market?
Key companies in the market include Honeywell International Inc, Lockheed Martin Corporation, STMicroelectronics, OMRON Corporation, Texas Instruments Incorporated, Agilent Technologies, Analog Devices Inc, Teledyne Technologies, Samsung Electronics co Limited.
3. What are the main segments of the Europe Nano Sensors Market?
The market segments include Type, End-User Industry.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing adoption of technology in healthcare industry; Increasing research and development in innovative materials.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Electrochemical biological nano sensors and photometric biological nano sensors find significant demand.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Complexity in Manufacturing Nanosensors.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
September 2021 - The EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) has awarded GBP 853,000 to the University to create the Multiscale Metrology Suite (MMS) for Next-Generation Health Nanotechnologies.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in cubic micrometers.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Europe Nano Sensors Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Europe Nano Sensors Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Europe Nano Sensors Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Europe Nano Sensors Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence