Key Insights
The MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market is poised for substantial expansion, driven by escalating environmental consciousness, stringent regulatory mandates, and burgeoning industrial activities throughout the region. The market, currently valued at $5.5 billion in the base year 2025, is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033. Key accelerators include the rising incidence of respiratory ailments linked to poor air quality, increased investment in smart city initiatives featuring integrated air quality management, and the widespread adoption of advanced monitoring technologies like IoT-enabled sensors and remote sensing solutions. The market is segmented by product (indoor and outdoor monitors), sampling method (continuous, manual, intermittent), pollutant type (chemical, physical, biological), and end-user (residential, commercial, power generation, petrochemicals, and others). The prominent presence of industry leaders such as Honeywell, Horiba, and Agilent Technologies underscores a dynamic competitive arena characterized by innovation and strategic alliances.
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Market Size (In Billion)
Regional growth within MEA is propelled by several influential factors. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, leading economic powerhouses undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization, are at the forefront of market adoption. South Africa and other nations in the Middle East and Africa are also increasing their utilization of air quality monitoring systems, responding to both environmental imperatives and the necessity for international standard compliance. Nevertheless, potential growth limitations include the significant upfront investment required for sophisticated monitoring equipment and varying levels of public awareness in specific sub-regions. To address these challenges, the market is expected to witness a greater emphasis on developing cost-efficient solutions and implementing comprehensive public education campaigns, fostering sustained market growth. The forecast period of 2025-2033 offers significant opportunities for market stakeholders to leverage the region's escalating demand for effective air quality monitoring solutions.
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Company Market Share
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Middle East and Africa (MEA) Air Quality Monitoring Market, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders, investors, and policymakers. Covering the period from 2019 to 2033, with 2025 as the base year, this report examines market trends, competitive dynamics, and growth opportunities within this crucial sector. The market is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033).
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Market Concentration & Innovation
The MEA air quality monitoring market exhibits a moderately concentrated landscape, with several key players holding significant market share. Honeywell International Inc, Horiba Ltd, and Agilent Technologies Inc are prominent examples, alongside TSI Inc, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Emerson Electric Co, Siemens AG, 3M Co, and Teledyne Technologies Inc. Precise market share data is unavailable, but the market is characterized by both established players and emerging innovative companies.
Innovation is driven by stringent government regulations aimed at improving air quality, growing environmental awareness among consumers and businesses, and advancements in sensor technology, data analytics, and IoT integration. The market is seeing increased adoption of sophisticated monitoring systems capable of real-time data acquisition and analysis. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity has been moderate, with deal values fluctuating according to market conditions. For example, a significant M&A deal in the past five years involved [Insert details of any major M&A if available; otherwise, state "No significant M&A deals reported"]. The competitive landscape is further shaped by the introduction of substitute technologies like remote sensing and drone-based monitoring, which pose both challenges and opportunities for established players. The residential and commercial sectors exhibit the strongest end-user growth, driven by rising concerns about indoor air quality.
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Industry Trends & Insights
The MEA air quality monitoring market is experiencing robust growth, driven by factors such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, and rising air pollution levels across the region. Governments are actively implementing stricter environmental regulations to address these concerns, creating a strong demand for advanced monitoring solutions. Technological advancements, including the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in air quality monitoring systems, are enhancing data analysis and predictive capabilities. Consumer preferences are shifting towards smart and connected devices that provide real-time air quality information and insights. This trend is accelerating the adoption of indoor air quality monitors in residential and commercial settings. The market exhibits a strong competitive landscape, with companies focusing on innovation, product differentiation, and strategic partnerships to gain a competitive edge.
Dominant Markets & Segments in MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market
Leading Region: The UAE is currently the dominant market within the MEA region, followed by Saudi Arabia. This dominance is primarily driven by substantial investments in infrastructure development, stringent environmental regulations, and increased awareness of air pollution’s health impacts.
Dominant Segments:
- Product Type: Outdoor monitors currently hold a larger market share than indoor monitors due to the extensive air quality monitoring networks being established across the region for environmental management.
- Sampling Method: Continuous monitoring systems are witnessing higher adoption rates than manual and intermittent methods due to the need for real-time data and better pollution tracking capabilities.
- Pollutant Type: Chemical pollutants monitoring dominates the market due to their significant contribution to air pollution problems in the MEA region.
- End User: The power generation sector is a key driver of demand for air quality monitoring solutions due to stringent emission regulations and monitoring requirements imposed by governmental bodies.
Key Drivers:
- Economic Policies: Government investments in infrastructure, particularly in renewable energy and industrial expansion, are boosting market growth by increasing the number of monitoring sites.
- Infrastructure Development: Expansion of transportation networks and industrial facilities is driving the need for more robust air quality monitoring infrastructure to mitigate the resulting pollution.
- Stringent Regulations: Increased environmental regulations and emission standards are pushing industries to adopt and install air quality monitoring systems to ensure compliance.
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Product Developments
Recent product innovations focus on miniaturization, improved sensor accuracy, and enhanced data analytics capabilities. The integration of IoT and cloud technologies enables remote monitoring and data management, making systems more efficient and user-friendly. Competitive advantages are increasingly gained through superior data analytics, predictive modeling capabilities, and ease of system integration into existing infrastructure.
Report Scope & Segmentation Analysis
This report segments the MEA air quality monitoring market based on product type (indoor and outdoor monitors), sampling method (continuous, manual, intermittent), pollutant type (chemical, physical, biological), and end-user (residential & commercial, power generation, petrochemicals, other). Each segment's growth projections, market size estimates, and competitive dynamics are analyzed in detail. For example, the outdoor monitoring segment is projected to witness significant growth due to government initiatives. The continuous sampling method segment is also expected to grow significantly.
Key Drivers of MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Growth
Several factors drive the growth of the MEA air quality monitoring market. Stringent government regulations regarding air quality, coupled with growing environmental awareness among consumers and industries, significantly contribute to the demand for advanced monitoring technologies. Moreover, advancements in sensor technology, enabling more accurate and efficient air quality measurement, are fuelling market growth. Furthermore, increasing investments in infrastructure development and industrial projects are creating opportunities for the deployment of large-scale air quality monitoring networks.
Challenges in the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Sector
The MEA air quality monitoring market faces challenges including the high initial investment costs of sophisticated monitoring systems, the need for skilled personnel to operate and maintain equipment, and the potential for data management and integration complexities across diverse monitoring networks. Additionally, supply chain disruptions and the availability of qualified technical staff can affect market growth.
Emerging Opportunities in MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market
Emerging opportunities include the increasing adoption of IoT-enabled monitoring systems, the integration of AI and machine learning for advanced data analytics, and the expansion into new and underserved markets within the MEA region. The development of portable and low-cost air quality monitors could significantly expand market reach and affordability.
Leading Players in the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Market
- Honeywell International Inc (Honeywell International Inc)
- Horiba Ltd (Horiba Ltd)
- Agilent Technologies Inc (Agilent Technologies Inc)
- TSI Inc
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc)
- Emerson Electric Co (Emerson Electric Co)
- Siemens AG (Siemens AG)
- 3M Co (3M Co)
- Teledyne Technologies Inc (Teledyne Technologies Inc)
Key Developments in MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Industry
July 2022: Ajman Free Zone implemented an ambient air quality monitoring system using AirSense technology, demonstrating a commitment to environmental monitoring and compliance with international standards. This initiative showcases the increasing adoption of advanced monitoring technologies within industrial zones.
June 2022: The launch of the National Air Quality Agenda 2031 by the MOCCAE provides a long-term framework for air quality management and creates substantial opportunities for air quality monitoring solutions providers. This initiative underscores the region's commitment to improving air quality and highlights the significant role of air quality monitoring technologies.
March 2022: The expansion of Abu Dhabi's air monitoring network to 22 monitors (20 fixed, 2 mobile) highlights the ongoing investments in improving air quality monitoring infrastructure. The collaboration with the WHO further emphasizes the importance of accurate data collection and global best practices.
Strategic Outlook for MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Market
The MEA air quality monitoring market is poised for significant growth, driven by rising pollution levels, stringent government regulations, and advancements in monitoring technologies. Future opportunities lie in the expansion of monitoring networks, the adoption of advanced analytics, and the development of user-friendly, cost-effective solutions targeting diverse end-users. The market's growth trajectory is closely tied to ongoing infrastructural developments and the region’s commitment to achieving its environmental sustainability goals.
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Segmentation
-
1. Product Type
- 1.1. Indoor Monitor
- 1.2. Outdoor Monitor
-
2. Sampling Method
- 2.1. Continuous
- 2.2. Manual
- 2.3. Intermittent
-
3. Pollutant Type
- 3.1. Chemical Pollutants
- 3.2. Physical Pollutants
- 3.3. Biological Pollutants
-
4. End User
- 4.1. Residential and Commercial
- 4.2. Power Generation
- 4.3. Petrochemicals
- 4.4. Other End Users
-
5. Geography
- 5.1. Saudi Arabia
- 5.2. United Arab Emirates
- 5.3. Rest of Middle-East and Africa
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Saudi Arabia
- 2. United Arab Emirates
- 3. Rest of Middle East and Africa
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Regional Market Share
Geographic Coverage of MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market
MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 6.2% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. 4.; Increasing Awareness and Favorable Government Policies and Non-government Initiatives for Curbing Air Pollution
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. 4.; High Costs of Air Quality Monitoring Systems
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. The Outdoor Monitor Segment is Expected to be the Fastest growing Segment
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 5.1.1. Indoor Monitor
- 5.1.2. Outdoor Monitor
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sampling Method
- 5.2.1. Continuous
- 5.2.2. Manual
- 5.2.3. Intermittent
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Pollutant Type
- 5.3.1. Chemical Pollutants
- 5.3.2. Physical Pollutants
- 5.3.3. Biological Pollutants
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User
- 5.4.1. Residential and Commercial
- 5.4.2. Power Generation
- 5.4.3. Petrochemicals
- 5.4.4. Other End Users
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.5.1. Saudi Arabia
- 5.5.2. United Arab Emirates
- 5.5.3. Rest of Middle-East and Africa
- 5.6. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.6.1. Saudi Arabia
- 5.6.2. United Arab Emirates
- 5.6.3. Rest of Middle East and Africa
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6. Saudi Arabia MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6.1.1. Indoor Monitor
- 6.1.2. Outdoor Monitor
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sampling Method
- 6.2.1. Continuous
- 6.2.2. Manual
- 6.2.3. Intermittent
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Pollutant Type
- 6.3.1. Chemical Pollutants
- 6.3.2. Physical Pollutants
- 6.3.3. Biological Pollutants
- 6.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User
- 6.4.1. Residential and Commercial
- 6.4.2. Power Generation
- 6.4.3. Petrochemicals
- 6.4.4. Other End Users
- 6.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.5.1. Saudi Arabia
- 6.5.2. United Arab Emirates
- 6.5.3. Rest of Middle-East and Africa
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 7. United Arab Emirates MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 7.1.1. Indoor Monitor
- 7.1.2. Outdoor Monitor
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sampling Method
- 7.2.1. Continuous
- 7.2.2. Manual
- 7.2.3. Intermittent
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Pollutant Type
- 7.3.1. Chemical Pollutants
- 7.3.2. Physical Pollutants
- 7.3.3. Biological Pollutants
- 7.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User
- 7.4.1. Residential and Commercial
- 7.4.2. Power Generation
- 7.4.3. Petrochemicals
- 7.4.4. Other End Users
- 7.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.5.1. Saudi Arabia
- 7.5.2. United Arab Emirates
- 7.5.3. Rest of Middle-East and Africa
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 8. Rest of Middle East and Africa MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 8.1.1. Indoor Monitor
- 8.1.2. Outdoor Monitor
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sampling Method
- 8.2.1. Continuous
- 8.2.2. Manual
- 8.2.3. Intermittent
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Pollutant Type
- 8.3.1. Chemical Pollutants
- 8.3.2. Physical Pollutants
- 8.3.3. Biological Pollutants
- 8.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User
- 8.4.1. Residential and Commercial
- 8.4.2. Power Generation
- 8.4.3. Petrochemicals
- 8.4.4. Other End Users
- 8.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 8.5.1. Saudi Arabia
- 8.5.2. United Arab Emirates
- 8.5.3. Rest of Middle-East and Africa
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 9. Competitive Analysis
- 9.1. Market Share Analysis 2025
- 9.2. Company Profiles
- 9.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
- 9.2.1.1. Overview
- 9.2.1.2. Products
- 9.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.2 Horiba Ltd
- 9.2.2.1. Overview
- 9.2.2.2. Products
- 9.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.3 Agilent Technologies Inc *List Not Exhaustive
- 9.2.3.1. Overview
- 9.2.3.2. Products
- 9.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.4 TSI Inc
- 9.2.4.1. Overview
- 9.2.4.2. Products
- 9.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc
- 9.2.5.1. Overview
- 9.2.5.2. Products
- 9.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.6 Emerson Electric Co
- 9.2.6.1. Overview
- 9.2.6.2. Products
- 9.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.7 Siemens AG
- 9.2.7.1. Overview
- 9.2.7.2. Products
- 9.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.8 3M Co
- 9.2.8.1. Overview
- 9.2.8.2. Products
- 9.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.9 Teledyne Technologies Inc
- 9.2.9.1. Overview
- 9.2.9.2. Products
- 9.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 9.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 9.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 9.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue Breakdown (billion, %) by Product 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Share (%) by Company 2025
List of Tables
- Table 1: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Product Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Sampling Method 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Pollutant Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Geography 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Product Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Sampling Method 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Pollutant Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Geography 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Product Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Sampling Method 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Pollutant Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 17: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Geography 2020 & 2033
- Table 18: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 19: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Product Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 20: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Sampling Method 2020 & 2033
- Table 21: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Pollutant Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 22: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 23: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Geography 2020 & 2033
- Table 24: MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 6.2%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market?
Key companies in the market include Honeywell International Inc, Horiba Ltd, Agilent Technologies Inc *List Not Exhaustive, TSI Inc, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Emerson Electric Co, Siemens AG, 3M Co, Teledyne Technologies Inc.
3. What are the main segments of the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market?
The market segments include Product Type, Sampling Method, Pollutant Type, End User, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 5.5 billion as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
4.; Increasing Awareness and Favorable Government Policies and Non-government Initiatives for Curbing Air Pollution.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
The Outdoor Monitor Segment is Expected to be the Fastest growing Segment.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
4.; High Costs of Air Quality Monitoring Systems.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
July 2022: Ajman Free Zone established an ambient air quality monitoring system in Gate 2 of its industrial sector in collaboration with the Municipality and Planning Department of Ajman. As part of the project, the free zone implemented cutting-edge AirSense technology to measure and evaluate the industrial area's pollution levels by current international regulations.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in billion.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the MEA Air Quality Monitoring Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database
Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)
Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations
Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence
